Bibliography

User Guide

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Primary Sources and Related Works

Textual Criticism

Lexicons

Theological Dictionaries and Word Studies

Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

Atlases, Geography, and Topography

OT Introductions

Old Testament Background, History, and Archaeology

Old Testament Theology

Biblical Theology

The Greek NT

Greek Grammar

NT Introductions

NT Background Studies

New Testament Theology

Gospels Studies

Studies on Acts

Pauline Studies

Studies on the General Epistles, Hebrews, and Revelation

Hermeneutics and Exegesis

Homiletics

Theological Dictionaries and Word Studies

Botterweck, G. Johannes, Helmer Ringgren, and Heinz-Josef Fabry, eds. Theological Dictionary of the 
Old Testament [TDOT]. 17 vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1974-2018.

Harris, R. Laird, Gleason L. Archer, and Bruce K. Waltke. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament.  
2  vols. Chicago: Moody, 1980.  

Jenni, Ernst, and Claus Westermann, eds. Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. 3 vols. Peabody, |
MA: Hendrickson, 1997. 

*VanGemeren, Willem A, ed.  New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. 5 
vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic, 2012. This landmark work, eight years in the
making and involving an international coterie of 206 authors, contains more than 3,000 articles 
exploring the uses, semantic domains, and interpretations of virtually all significant words from 
the Hebrew Bible. 

Balz, Horst, and Gerhard Schneider, eds. Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament [EDNT].
3 vols.  Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1992. A very useful supplement to a lexicon like BDAG, EDNT contains definitions of every word in the NT (i.e., in the text of UBS 3rd/N-A 26th editions of the Greek NT; words in the most important textual variants are also included), with longer treatments of words in exegetically important contexts. Two important features: (a) a number of articles treat groupings of words related by root and meaning (with alphabetical cross-references); and (b) EDNT updates TDNT by taking into account newer linguistic insights and summarizing more recent scholarship on numerous issues of NT study.

Kittel, Gerhard, ed., Gerhard Friedrich, ed., and Geoffrey W. Bromiley, trans. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. 10 vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1977. A giant accomplishment, TDNT (a translation of the German TWNT) contains lengthy articles on over 2,300 NT words which trace their usage in secular Greek, in the LXX and extrabiblical Jewish literature, and in the NT. Despite the criticisms of TDNT (especially linguistic ones, including the appropriate questioning by James Barr of the very viability of a “theological dictionary”—i.e., of the mistaken idea that theology can be formulated via the study of specific words instead of concepts), the work contains a wealth of information and insight.

*Silva, Moisés. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis. 5 vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic, 2014. The NIDNTTE is a thorough revision of the NIDNTT,  edited by Colin Brown from 1975-1978. The prior work (itself a translation and revision of the German TBZNT) was an attempt, largely written by evangelical scholars, to correct some of the shortcomings of TDNT. While a great improvement, it still fell short of incorporating linguistic insights in a thoroughgoing way, which Silva’s remarkable work has now remedied. No single tool will provide more help for word studies than the NIDNTTE. Highly recommended. 

Spicq, Ceslas; James D. Ernest, trans. Theological Lexicon of the New Testament. 3 vols. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Written by the distinguished French scholar, TLNT is a useful supplement to larger works of this type—and like such works, it must be used with caution. It is perhaps distinguished by Spicq’s thorough use of papyri, inscriptions, and other Hellenistic Greek sources.